The article aims to identify gaps and collisions in the legislation of the Russian Federation and some foreign countries in the regulation of social relations associated with medical parole. The features of the studied legal institute are determined. The key characteristics of law enforcement practice in the studied area are substantiated. The article presents the results of a comparative legal study of the use of medical parole in the Russian Federation and in other countries. Common and distinctive features of the Russian legislation, as well as the legislation of the post-Soviet countries, Switzerland and the United States in the field of law enforcement are revealed. The directions of further research development in the field of penitentiary practice humanization in respect to convicts are proposed.