The chapter provides an overview of the theory of speech production, analysis, and synthesis, and status of Bangla speech processing. As nasality is a distinctive feature of Bangla and all the vowels have their nasal counterpart, both Bangla vowels and nasality are also considered. The chapter reviews the state-of-the-art of nasal vowel research, cross language perception of vowel nasality, and vowel nasality transformation to be used in a speech synthesizer.