The enduring challenge of water distribution between India and Bangladesh persists, impacting bilateral relations significantly. This research elucidates the geopolitical intricacies of this issue and examines its adverse socioeconomic effects on Bangladesh, proposing strategic solutions. Employing qualitative methods, this study conducts a case study analysis incorporating archival research and content analysis. Data is sourced from secondary materials such as academic reports, policies, and working papers, with a theoretical framework rooted in Hydro-Politics. The study reveals Bangladesh’s geographical dependency on India, particularly concerning upstream rivers where India wields hegemonic influence. Several factors contribute to the ongoing impasse, including India’s internal political dynamics and unresolved issues like the Teesta dispute. Furthermore, the manipulation of water flow, such as spillway release during monsoons, presents challenges, impacting flood management and resource availability. These alterations carry significant ramifications for local communities and biodiversity. This study delves into the underexplored realm of the India-Bangladesh water distribution issue, assessing its socioeconomic impacts and proposing strategic solutions. The policy recommendations offer insights for national governments and international bodies grappling with similar challenges.