"In recent decades, pathogens have continued to strike humans in the form of newly emerging

or re-emerging infectious diseases, opportunistic infectious diseases, and infections caused by drugresistant microbes. In response, humans have developed modern platform technologies that can produce

effective vaccines to prevent pathogens from causing infectious diseases. Vaccines against

antimicrobial-resistant organisms could prevent or minimize life-threatening infections, thus lowering

healthcare costs. These pharmaceutical products could also reduce antibiotic use, lowering the risk of

antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence. Furthermore, once a population has received enough

vaccines, indirect protection via herd immunity can help to prevent the spread of resistant strains. In

this sense, antibiotics would be unnecessary once the burden of pathogen-associated illnesses is

reduced. Based on such a notion, bacterial vaccines would be an excellent and applicable solution to

fight AMR. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of AMR, the role of bacterial

vaccines in preventing AMR, and discuss the potential of bacterial vaccines and their pitfalls in

managing infectious diseases."