Cloud computing is significantly assisting in addressing IT issues. To lessen the environmental impact, a thorough investigation of cloud computing and energy-efficient algorithms is required. A green cloud computing strategy aims to build an environment for cloud computing that is more energy-efficient, maximizes resource consumption without overprovisioning, leaves fewer carbon footprints, reduces Greenhouse Gas emissions, and minimizes E-wastages. Some features and techniques that Green Cloud Computing focuses on bringing to the cloud environment include containerization, designing green data center facility infrastructure, server consolidation, virtual machine placement, designing green networks and protocols, green data management, sustainable software development, and safe disposal techniques with the three R’s (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle). This paper offers a thorough examination of green cloud computing and its traits. The main objective of this study is to investigate green cloud computing, including its various components and conversion processes, as well as to compare energy-efficient VM placement techniques for green cloud computing.