Green Supply Chain Integration (GSCI) can break organizational boundaries, actively seek cooperation with supply chain partners, and acquire complementary resources, which is crucial for sustainable development. This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the current state of GSCI research, delineating existing findings, avenues for development, and research gaps. Employing a systematic literature review (SLR) as the main methodology, this study meticulously reviews and analyzes 61 papers related to GSCI sourced from the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases. The comprehensive review systematically categorizes and synthesizes the definitions, drivers, impacts, dimensions, inter-dimensional relationships, prevalent theories, data collection methods, source industries, and data analysis techniques related to GSCI. This rigorous literature analysis endeavors to provide a more integrated and comprehensive understanding of GSCI. Furthermore, this paper identifies four main limitations entrenched within the existing research on GSCI: (i) Insufficient research exists regarding the delineation of GSCI dimensions and the nuanced understanding of how distinct dimensions exert varying impacts on the outcome variables. (ii) Consideration of the institutional environment and contextual factors is lacking in antecedent studies; (iii) Existing antecedent research is fragmented and lacks strategic perspective and integration with the digital economy; and (iv) there exists a research gap concerning the exploration of negative impacts associated with outcome variables and the corresponding causes.