Breast cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers among women worldwide. Despite the availability of conventional therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, these approaches are often limited by issues such as systemic toxicity, nonspecific targeting, and the risk of drug resistance [Citation1]. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative therapies that target cancer cells more precisely while minimizing side effects. One promising strategy involves using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the genes involved in cancer progression [Citation2].

siRNA, comprising short double-stranded RNA sequences, employs the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to degrade target messenger RNA (mRNA), thus inhibiting the expression of critical oncogenes (e.g., HER2), immunomodulatory genes (e.g., SOCS1, IDO), drug-resistance genes (e.g., ABCB1, Nrf2), and other factors involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis (e.g., VEGF, BRD4) [Citation3,Citation4]. Despite its high specificity, siRNA therapy faces hurdles such as rapid degradation in the bloodstream, poor cellular uptake, and off-target effects. An effective delivery system is essential to overcome these barriers and unleash siRNA’s therapeutic potential [Citation2].