The requirement for adopting sustainable techniques for flower cultivation in greenhouses is escalating due to heightened environmental awareness and the increasing market demand for environmentally friendly products. Conventional flower cultivation typically entails substantial water usage, energy consumption, and chemical inputs, which contribute significantly to environmental degradation and climate change. Greenhouse flower producers may greatly diminish their ecological impact, preserve natural resources, and support biodiversity by implementing sustainable techniques. With a focus on reducing system costs and minimizing environmental impacts, this study examines the complex dynamics of sustainable flower-plant production within a greenhouse environment under carbon tax (CT), cap-and-trade (CAT), and cap-and-price (CAP) emission rules. To represent the variation in demand throughout their life cycle, the demand structure for flower plants is characterised by a trapezoidal demand pattern. Shortages of flower plants are allowed, with unsatisfied demand being backlogged. The percentage of backordered shortages is directly related to the waiting time for fulfillment. Furthermore, greenhouse farming is associated with emissions because of the greenhouse’s internal lighting, heating, and cooling systems, as well as the use of artificial fertilisers. Consequently, the farming operations are governed by several environmental regulations. The aim of this study is to identify the most favourable timing for stocking that minimises expenses while adhering to emission regulations. To achieve this goal, a range of analytical insights is obtained and demonstrated through the solution of various numerical scenarios. The results show that raising greenhouse system cost parameters increases the producer’s minimum overall cost while decreasing flower plant positive stocking period and emissions.