This dataset on eggplant leaf diseases has been meticulously developed to provide a valuable resource for agricultural research and the advancement of automated disease detection systems. It comprises 4,089 high-resolution images of eggplant leaves, systematically categorized into six distinct classes: Healthy Leaf, Insect Pest Disease, Leaf Spot Disease, Mosaic Virus Disease, White Mold Disease, and Wilt Disease. The images were captured using smartphone cameras under controlled conditions with a consistent white background to ensure clarity and uniformity. To reflect real-world agricultural scenarios, data collection was conducted across multiple geographic locations and in varying lighting conditions. This approach enhances the dataset's diversity and applicability. The dataset underwent thorough manual labelling and preprocessing to ensure accuracy and consistency across all samples. Each image is clearly labelled according to its respective disease class, making the dataset readily usable for machine learning applications. The balanced representation of healthy and diseased leaves allows for comprehensive training and testing of classification models. Designed to support the development of machine learning models for the early detection and classification of eggplant diseases, this dataset holds significant reuse potential in various research domains. It is particularly suitable for applications in plant pathology, precision agriculture, and disease forecasting, where timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial. The dataset is freely available for academic and research purposes, making it a valuable resource for researchers and developers aiming to innovate in agricultural technology and crop management. With its robust design and practical focus, the dataset has the potential to drive advancements in sustainable farming practices and enhance agricultural productivity