This study presents the first detailed assessment of radioactivity in 36 sand samples from four charlands along the Padma River near the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) in Bangladesh. The activity concentrations ranged from 13 to 132, 17–132, 220–640 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively with some 226Ra and most 232Th values exceeding global average levels. The elevated 232Th levels are primarily attributed to the region's geological composition, the natural presence of heavy minerals, the redistribution of radioactive materials via sediment transport, and local geochemical conditions. Although a few outdoor absorbed dose rates exceeded global averages, most radiological hazard indicators were within safe limits. Except for one sample with elevated values, the sand samples generally pose no significant radiological risk to the local community or environment. This dataset provides a valuable foundation for monitoring environmental radioactivity and supporting the effective management and regulation of nuclear power plant activities in the future.