The latest Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis for Somalia (January–March, 2025) shows a sharp rise in food insecurity and malnutrition.1 About 3·4 million people are currently in crisis (IPC phase 3) or worse and that number could climb to 4·4 million by June, which is nearly a quarter of the population.2 Children younger than 5 years are among the hardest hit. An estimated 1·7 million people are expected to have acute malnutrition in 2025, including 466 000 with severe acute malnutrition, which is the deadliest form. Around 64% of these cases are in southern Somalia.1,2

Several factors are driving the crisis. Repeated droughts have slashed harvests and ruined livelihoods. Ongoing conflict fuels displacement and blocks access to markets and aid. Furthermore, soaring food prices have eroded what little buying power at-risk families have left.2,3

The outlook for April–June, 2025 is bleak. Malnutrition is expected to worsen, driven by disease outbreaks and shrinking food access. Ten areas—including West Golis, northern and central pastoral zones, and several internally displaced people (IDP) settlements—could see a sharp decline in nutritional status. In 31 other areas, malnutrition is expected to worsen but stay within the same IPC phase. Ten of these locations—including Mogadishu IDPs, Shabelle Riverine, and Juba Cattle Pastoral—are already classified as IPC acute malnutrition phase 4 (critical).1,4

Immediate, coordinated action is essential to prevent a humanitarian disaster. Top priorities include scaling up food assistance, expanding nutrition programmes for at-risk groups, and investing in long-term solutions to build resilience against climate shocks. Addressing the root causes of conflict and supporting peacebuilding efforts are also crucial for lasting food security in Somalia. Without stability, humanitarian gains will remain fragile and short-lived.3