This work investigates the structural and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of LiZnBO3 (LZB) phosphor irradiated with 6 MeV, 9 MeV, and 12 MeV electrons in the dose range of 0.5 Gy–8 Gy, focusing on its potential for medical radiation dosimetry. The phosphor was synthesized via the solid-state diffusion method. TEM and EDX analysis confirm the crystallinity and elemental composition of LZB phosphor, while theoretical calculation reveals a near-tissue equivalence effective atomic number (Zeff) of 7.9. Analysis of the TL curve of LZB shows energy dependence of the phosphor and exhibits supralinearity for the 0.5–8 Gy dose range. The average TL sensitivity of the LZB phosphor is 269 nC/mg-Gy. The phosphor experiences a 19.1 % reduction in its signal within the first 7 days, after which it stabilizes for the subsequent 21 days. The phosphor exhibited above 82 % stability across five reuse cycles. The TL performance of the LZB phosphor is compared with that of TLD 100, and kinetic parameters have been calculated. Despite its promising TL properties, the study suggests that rare-earth doping could enhance the phosphor's performance for medical dosimetry. The results establish a foundation for creating sophisticated TL materials aimed at accurate and dependable radiation dose assessments.