The integration of digital health technologies with personalized nutrition offers a transformative approach for managing diabetes and obesity. This emerging paradigm extends beyond generic dietary recommendations by tailoring interventions based on genetic, epigenetic, microbiome, and real-time metabolic data. Tools such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), artificial intelligence (AI)-driven meal planning, and mobile health applications enable dynamic dietary adjustments and improved disease monitoring. Data privacy, cost disparities, and the need for robust clinical validation are challenges that remain to be overcome, even if there is a potential benefit. This review examines the synergy between digital health technologies and precision medicine by elucidating the potential of personalized nutrition in chronic disease management. Our literature review demonstrates that tailored diet programs can enhance metabolic well-being and overcome theoretical and practical challenges to their widespread implementation.