The COVID-19 pandemic has strained global healthcare systems, with Bangladesh facing unique challenges due to limited localized data on nutrition and recovery outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate dietary patterns, supplement intake, and medication use among COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh and assess their associations with recovery duration and disease severity.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from August to November 2024 among 384 recovered COVID-19 patients across Bangladesh using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. List of COVID patients was collect from disease surveillance record. Patients were approached proportionally from each division, but final participation was voluntary, making the sampling convenience-based with proportional representation. A total of 500 patients having email access were selected. We contacted with each of the selected patients over the phone before sending questionnaire. Participants provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, nutritional supplement and medication use, and recovery duration. After screening we found 384 valid data were entered into computer for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression analysis in IBM SPSS.
Among 384 participants, 51.8% recovered from COVID-19 within 14 days. Faster recovery was significantly associated with normal BMI, balanced diet intake, and use of supplements like vitamin C, D3, and zinc (p < 0.001). Antibiotic/antiviral use notably shortened recovery time, with no patients requiring more than 21 days. In contrast, overweight or underweight status and absence of nutritional interventions were linked to prolonged illness. Despite high supplement use (96.2%), only 27.1% maintained a consistent balanced diet. Mental health issues, especially stress and anxiety, were also reported by 57.7% of respondents post-infection.
Nutritional status and appropriate supplement was significantly associated with shorter recovery time, indicating a potential association. Public health strategies should integrate nutritional education and access to supplements to enhance immune resilience and pandemic preparedness in resource-limited settings.