Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern globally, with Bangladesh implementing a National Action Plan (BNAP) to address the issue. This study evaluates the consequences of multi-sectoral involvement in the BNAP on AMR programs. This is one of the few qualitative studies assessing how coordinated actions across sectors influence the implementation and outcomes of AMR policy in Bangladesh.
A qualitative study was conducted using semistructured, pretested questionnaires. Sixteen participants were selected from a comprehensive list of 22 organizations representing four sectors to ensure diverse, informed perspectives aligned with study objectives. Data were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods.
The findings revealed that Bangladesh lacks a specific monitoring body for antibiotic prescriptions, and healthcare professionals often do not adhere to national guidelines. Most healthcare facilities lack infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and monitoring systems. The availability and accessibility of antibiotics, coupled with unregulated distribution by dealers, were identified as primary contributors to AMR. Patients frequently consume antibiotics without consulting qualified doctors. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated antibiotic misuse, increasing instances of AMR. In the animal sector, antibiotic abuse is similarly alarming. BNAP has prompted the high court to issue a rule restricting antibiotic sales without prescriptions and establishing a national antibiotic surveillance system.
Multisectoral involvement has strengthened the implementation of BNAP policies on AMR. However, the study highlights the urgent need for an AMR-specific multisectoral regulatory body to monitor existing facilities and identify antibiotic resistance patterns.