Surgical site infection (SSI) is a frequent postoperative complication of cesarean section (CS), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 207 CS patients at a tertiary hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March to June 2024, using structured interviews, clinical examinations, and record reviews. SSI occurred in 9.66% of patients, with significant associations found for maternal age (p = 0.037), residence (p = 0.024), parity (p = 0.043), gestational age (p = 0.032), membrane rupture (p = 0.015), emergency CS (p = 0.047), and anemia (p = 0.026), diabetes (p = 0.034). Most infections were superficial and managed conservatively. Targeted preoperative optimization and strengthened infection control protocols are needed to reduce SSI burden in Bangladeshi obstetric care.