This research focuses on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities on green supply chain visibility (GSCV) and green supply chain integration (GSCI), as well as how these capabilities influence the relationship between AI and sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP) in the manufacturing sector.

A total of 361 participants from manufacturing companies were analyzed using the technique of partial least squares structural equation modeling.

The results of the research indicated that the capabilities in AI affect GSCV and GSCI. GSCV and GSCI have a significant influence on SSCP. In addition, GSCV and GSCI play a partial role in the mediation of AI capabilities and SSCP.

This study presented an innovative, holistic framework that incorporates the role of AI in sustaining the performance of a supply chain. It expands and enriches the theory on the value of natural resources (NRBV), the theory of dynamic capabilities (DCT) and the theory of information processing (IPT) on sustainable transitions. The study also presents practical evidence from a country with a developing economy. It assists entrepreneurs and policymakers in boosting the efficacy of digital and green supply chains.