Apoptosis, a fundamental process of programmed cell death, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This chapter delineates the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis and its significant impact on the neuronal population within the context of neurodegenerative diseases. We explore its etymology, physiological significance, and dual role as both a requisite for normal neural development and a contributor to neurodegenerative pathology. This chapter investigates the complex mechanisms of apoptosis, particularly its intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, and demonstrates how their dysfunction can drive the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights the importance of identifying specific biomarkers that can aid in early diagnosis and the formulation of potential treatment strategies, underlining the critical role of a comprehensive understanding of apoptosis in devising therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the text introduces the concept of antiapoptotic drugs as an innovative treatment avenue, pointing out the pressing need for further research to fully realize their therapeutic potential. By analyzing the link between apoptosis and neurodegenerative disorders, the chapter emphasizes the necessity for early detection, proactive intervention, and the development of precise therapies to curb the advancement of these devastating diseases.