This chapter examines the challenges and opportunities of achieving intergenerational equity in the context of aging societies. As populations age, the distribution of income, wealth, and opportunities across generations becomes increasingly strained, affecting labor markets, pension systems, fiscal sustainability, and social welfare. The chapter explores theoretical frameworks, including life-cycle and overlapping generations models, alongside practical mechanisms such as pensions, public transfers, labor market policies, and technological adaptation. Comparative case studies from developed and emerging economies highlight strategies for balancing fairness, efficiency, and sustainability. Emphasizing integrated policy design, lifelong learning, digital inclusion, and participatory governance, the chapter argues that intergenerational equity is attainable through coordinated interventions that ensure all generations share in economic opportunities, social protection, and long-term growth.