Maternity health tourism, the practice of pregnant women traveling internationally to access childbirth, prenatal, or postpartum care, has evolved significantly over recent decades. Emerging in the late 20th century as a response to healthcare disparities and legal incentives like birthright citizenship, the practice gained momentum in the 2000s with globalization and the rise of medical tourism hubs in Thailand, India, and Malaysia. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted this trend, causing a sharp decline in non-resident births, but a robust recovery followed, with Canada reporting 5,219 non-resident births by 2024. Future directions involve advanced technology integration, standardized regulations, and a focus on equity and sustainability. This paper synthesizes historical trends, current developments, and prospective trajectories, drawing on case studies from the United States, Canada, and China, while addressing the need for further research to ensure equitable and sustainable growth.