This study investigates the TL response of NAKO glass for accident-related dose reconstruction. Samples with thicknesses of 0.4 and 0.5 cm were annealed at 400 °C for 1 h prior to irradiation with 60Co gamma rays (2–100 Gy) and diagnostic X-rays (2–15 Gy). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy confirmed Si, Na, Ca, and Mg as major elements. The TL response displayed strong linearity, with R2 values of 0.9784 and 0.9884 for gamma and 0.9336 and 0.9483 for X-rays. Glow curves showed peaks at 150–300 °C (gamma) and 200–300 °C (X-rays), with higher gamma-induced intensity due to greater penetration. Enhanced sensitivity was observed at low doses (2 Gy). Fading analysis showed signal losses of approximately 21% for gamma irradiation and higher fading for X-ray irradiation after 28 days. The kinetic parameters obtained from different peak shape models further confirmed the well-defined glow peak and its dose-dependent variation. The activation energy and trap lifetime values suggest moderately stable trapping centres, which contribute to the good reproducibility and reliability of the NAKO TL response. The effective atomic number (10.91–10.96) falls between that of soft tissue and bone, indicating that NAKO glass may approximate the radiological behaviour of certain biological materials. These results support its feasibility as a practical material for retrospective environmental and personal dosimetry.